Origins of social studies
*Overview
-History has dominated the discipline
-Lectures and discussions are primary teaching devices
-Occasional audio visual aids and field trips
-Homework assigned from textbooks
-Elementary
-Small group and independent work
-Manipulatives, films, TV, computers
-Integrated approaches
-Greater instructional variety than other subjects
Social Studies Powerful Elements...
Meaningful - Engaging, connects students with real-world situations
Integrative - Draws on more than one discipline, subject or skill set
Value-Based - Strengthens students' sense of democratic values and social responsibility
Challenging - Incorporates different perspectives and draws on students' critical-thinking skills
Active- Participatory, makes use of manipulative or physical environment
How people Learn? What is Learning?

Structure of Knowledge
Jerome Bruner
What is knowledge?
- Meta-Cognition (evaluation, creation)
- Generalizations (analyze)
- Concepts (comprehension)
- Facts (understanding)
Educational philosophies
- Re-constructionalism (Social-cognitive)
- Existentialism (focusing on your child) (learning styles, MI, brain research)
- Progressivism (Constructivist, cognitive)
- Perennialism/Essentialism
Models, Strategies, and Methods
Models (approaches to teaching)
- Personal (self esteem, individuality)
- Social-Interactive (students learn each other through group working)
- Informational-processing (short-term memory, long-term memory..)
- Behavioral (Stimuli, responses)
Strategies (sets of specific steps)
- Indirect/Individual
- Indirect/Interactive
- Indirect/Cognitive
- Direct
Methods (specific of teaching)
Examples
- Indirect/Individual: projects
- Indirect/Interactive: jigsaw, role plays, discussion, simulation,
- Indirect/Cognitive: no worksheets! graphic organizers, inquiry methods
- Direct: demonstration, guided practice, lecture, home assignment, read from the texts...
Learning-Planning-Teaching
- Creative Thinking Evaluation/Synthesis
- Analysis
- Application Comprehension
- Knowledge
Instruction Assessment
Personal Summative/Authentic/projects, E-folios, Self-evaluation, Journals
Social-Interactive Peer review,. group processing
Informational-processing
Behavioral
Goal is a general statement (bigger picture).
What are Building Blocks/Components of Objectives? (Where? closure on the lesson plan)
Condition (Given)
Behavior Criterion
Unit Plan Design
- Direct
- Indirect/Cognitive (Inquiry)
- Indirect/Social (CL)
- Indirect?Personal (Project)